Background: To investigate the accommodative loads change needed to maintain binocular fusion in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT).
Methods: Seventeen consecutive patients with basic IXT and 15 normal controls were recruited. The WAM-5500 autorefractor (GrandSeiko, Fukuyama, Japan) was used to measure refractive error (D) under binocular and monocular viewing conditions at 6 m, 50 cm, 33 cm and 20 cm. The difference between binocular and monocular refractive error (D) at each distance defined the change in the accommodative load. The changes in accommodative load were compared between IXT patients and normal controls. We also investigated the change in accommodative loads according to the fixing preference in patients with IXT.
Results: In IXT patients, the mean angles of deviation were 20.2 ± 7.19 and 21.0 ± 8.02 prism diopters at 6 m and 33 cm, respectively. Under binocular viewing, the changes in accommodative loads of each eye in IXT patients were significantly higher at 50, 33 and 20 cm than those of normal controls (p < 0.05, all). The changes in accommodative loads of fixating and deviating eyes at 6 m were not significantly different between IXT patients and normal controls (p = 0.193, 0.155, respectively). The changes in accommodative loads of the fixating eye at each distance were not significantly different from those of the deviating eye in IXT patients (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The changes of accommodative loads at near fixation increased more in IXT patients than they did in normal controls while maintaining binocular fusion.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4896026 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12886-016-0260-y | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Effects of wastewater on phosphorus, nitrogen, and nuisance benthic algae in nearshore regions of a large lake.
Sci Total Environ
January 2025
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada. Electronic address:
Upgrading wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a global practice for achieving increasingly stringent nutrient discharge objectives set by governments to accommodate population growth and reduce surface water pollution. However, associated downstream improvements in nutrient conditions are difficult to determine in nearshore regions of large aquatic ecosystems due to complex biophysical processes. We conducted a nine-year water quality study and analyzed the data using linear mixed models (LMMs) within a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) framework to assess effects of an upgrade to the Duffin Creek Water Pollution Control Plant (DCWPCP) on surface water nutrient conditions and proliferation of nuisance benthic algae (Cladophora glomerata) in nearshore Lake Ontario.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem cells adapt to their local mechanical environment by rearranging their cytoskeleton, which underpins the evolution of their shape and fate as well as the emergence of tissue structure and function. Here, in the second part of a two-part experimental series, we aimed to elucidate spatiotemporal cytoskeletal remodeling and resulting changes in morphology and mechanical properties of cells and their nuclei. Akin to mechanical testing of the most basic living and adapting unit of life, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHongtang Bridge Expansion Joints InSAR Deformation Monitoring with Advanced Phase Unwrapping and Mixed Total Least Squares in Fuzhou China.
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
College of Civil Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
Bridge expansion joints are critical components that accommodate the movement of a bridge caused by temperature fluctuations, concrete shrinkage, and vehicular loads. Analyzing the spatiotemporal deformation of these expansion joints is essential for monitoring bridge safety. This study investigates the deformation characteristics of Hongtang Bridge in Fuzhou, China, using synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effect of carbon fiber custom dynamic orthosis type on kinematics and kinetics of lower extremity joints in individuals with lower limb traumatic injuries.
Gait Posture
December 2024
Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Background: Carbon fiber custom dynamic orthoses have been used to improve gait mechanics after lower limb trauma in military service members, with the goal of restoring function and improving outcomes. However, the effects of commercially available carbon fiber orthoses available to civilians on lower extremity joint kinetics and kinematics are poorly understood.
Research Question: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two commercially available orthoses on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics in individuals with lower limb trauma.
Toward Hyphenated Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies in Interfacial Electrochemistry.
Anal Chem
January 2025
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
To address the pressing demand for hyphenated characterization of the electrode-electrolyte interfaces at the molecular level, we report herein a technical note to demonstrate the hyphenation of electrochemical surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) and shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS). The core setup incorporates a top-down configured Raman optic fiber head loaded on a 3-dimension positioning module and a bottom-up configured attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) spectroelectrochemical cell accommodated in a custom-designed optical accessory. The feasibility of this integrated design is initially validated by the simultaneous measurement of two model systems, namely, potential dependent adsorption of pyridine on a Au film electrode and the CO reduction reaction on a Cu film electrode by SEIRAS and SHINERS, yielding distinct and complementary spectral information.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!