Hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the clinical success rates, effect of neutropenia on treatment success rates, risk factors related to mortality, and survival in patients who developed hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) while receiving immunosuppressive therapy.

Methods: Forty-three adult patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy who developed HAP were included in this prospective study. Transplantation patients and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients were not included. Antibiotic treatment was managed by a multidisciplinary team. The Kaplan Meier method was used for the survival analysis and Cox regression was used for the identification of mortality-related independent risk factors. The relationship between neutropenia and the clinical success rate was determined using the chi-square test.

Results: Although anti-pseudomonal antibiotics were started empirically in 40 of the 43 patients (93%) at the beginning of the treatment, the most frequently isolated pathogens were Acinetobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. The success rate at the end of the treatment was 65.1%. The survival rates for the 3rd, 14th, 42nd, and 365th days were 97%, 86%, 58%, and 19%, respectively. Elevated levels of urea [Hazard Ratio=1.01 (95% CI: 1.00-1.02)] and blood glucose [HR=1.01 (95% CI: 1.00-1.02)] were found to be independent risk factors affecting survival. The treatment success rate was higher in patients without neutropenia (n=23) than in those with neutropenia (n=20) (p=0.05).

Conclusion: The treatment success rate was low in patients who developed HAP while receiving immunosuppressive therapy.