The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 16 amino acids of the N-terminal region of human ameloblastin (16N-AMBN) synthetic peptide, on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and bone regeneration. While 16N-AMBN did not affect the proliferation, it induced mRNA expression of type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. 16N-AMBN also stimulated ALP activity and promoted mineralized nodule formation. On the other hand, these activities were inhibited by anti-16N-AMBN antibody. Treatment of rat calvarial bone defects with 16N-AMBN resulted in almost complete healing compared to that of the control treatments. These findings suggest that 16N-AMBN may be applicable for regeneration therapy of bone defects.
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