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Genome-culture coevolution promotes rapid divergence of killer whale ecotypes. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study analyzes population genomic data from killer whale ecotypes, finding that genetic differences are linked to their socially inherited ecological niches, which have developed in less than 250,000 years.
  • It identifies historical bottlenecks during the founding of populations, leading to ecological divergence and genetic drift, resulting in noticeable genomic differences between separate (allopatric) and overlapping (sympatric) ecotypes.
  • The research highlights the role of social learning and behavioral responses in ecological adaptation and evolution, emphasizing the interplay between demographics, culture, and genetics.

Article Abstract

Analysing population genomic data from killer whale ecotypes, which we estimate have globally radiated within less than 250,000 years, we show that genetic structuring including the segregation of potentially functional alleles is associated with socially inherited ecological niche. Reconstruction of ancestral demographic history revealed bottlenecks during founder events, likely promoting ecological divergence and genetic drift resulting in a wide range of genome-wide differentiation between pairs of allopatric and sympatric ecotypes. Functional enrichment analyses provided evidence for regional genomic divergence associated with habitat, dietary preferences and post-zygotic reproductive isolation. Our findings are consistent with expansion of small founder groups into novel niches by an initial plastic behavioural response, perpetuated by social learning imposing an altered natural selection regime. The study constitutes an important step towards an understanding of the complex interaction between demographic history, culture, ecological adaptation and evolution at the genomic level.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895049PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11693DOI Listing

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