Hypoglycemic episodes are associated with inflammatory status in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Backgroud: Glycemic control may be associated with inflammatory status in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We examined the association between glucose control parameters and circulating inflammation markers in T1DM.

Methods: The study included 101 T1DM patients treated with personal insulin pumps (T1DM duration 15.2 + 7.3 years). The analysed glycemic parameters included HbA1c, mean glucose level, standard deviation and number of hypoglycemic episodes (glucose <55 mg/dL) from the last 7 days. Blood was collected for testing inflammatory markers (IL-6, VCAM, ICAM, E-selectin).

Results: The T1DM cohort had good glycemic control (HbA1c 7.1 ± 0.8%, mean daily glucose 141.5 ± 27.1 mg/dL and the mean number of hypoglycemic episodes was 5.6 ± 4.0/week). In a forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis the number of hypoglycemic episodes predicted the levels of the investigated markers (sICAM p = 0.0019, sVCAM p = 0.021, sE-selectin p = 0.048, and IL-6 p = 0.049). None of the other glycemic parameters was shown to be an independent predictor.

Conclusions: For the first time, we report an association between the number of mild hypoglycemic episodes, recorded in a real life setting, and the level of inflammatory markers in T1DM patients with good glycemic control.