Background: A longitudinal Anopheles gambiae s.l. insecticide resistance monitoring programme was established in four sentinel sites in Chad 2008-2010. When this programme ended, only sporadic bioassays were performed in a small number of sites.
Methods: WHO diagnostic dose assays were used to measure the prevalence of insecticide resistance to 0.1% bendiocarb, 4% DDT, 0.05% deltamethrin, 1% fenitrothion, and 0.75% permethrin in the main malaria vectors at the beginning and end of the malaria transmission season for three years 2008-2010, with subsequent collections in 2011 and 2014. Species and molecular identification of An. gambiae M and S forms and kdr genotyping was performed using PCR-RLFP; circumsporozoite status was assessed using ELISA.
Results: Between 2008 and 2010, significant changes in insecticide resistance profiles to deltamethrin and permethrin were seen in 2 of the sites. No significant changes were seen in resistance to DDT in any site during the study period. Testing performed after the period of routine monitoring had ended showed dramatic increases to DDT and pyrethroid resistance in 3 sites. No resistance to organophosphate or carbamate insecticides was detected. An. arabiensis was the predominate member of the An. gambiae complex in all 4 sites; adult collections showed temporal variation in species composition in only 1 site. Kdr analysis identified both 1014F and 1014S alleles in An. gambiae S only. Circumsporozoite analysis showed the highest vector infection rates were present in Donia, a site with extensive use of agricultural insecticides.
Conclusions: During the monitoring gap of four years, significant changes occurred in resistance prevalence in 3 of the 4 sites (p = <0.001), endangering the efficacy of currently implemented malaria control interventions. Significant changes in insecticide resistance profiles and a lack of kdr resistance alleles in adult populations highlight the urgent need for comprehensive entomological monitoring to be implemented and sustained in country.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4881902 | PMC |
| http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155746 | PLOS |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Fungi on the cuticle surface increase the resistance of Aedes albopictus to deltamethrin.
Insect Sci
January 2025
National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) is widely distributed and can transmit many infectious diseases, and insecticide-based interventions play an important role in vector control. However, increased insecticide resistance has become a severe public health problem, and the clarification of its detailed mechanism is a matter of urgence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKnockdown-resistant mutations in head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) collected from schoolchildren in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Head lice infestation remains one of the most common child problems. This problem is not only attributed to the ability of head lice to spread rapidly but also because of the head lice resistance that develops from incomplete or improper treatment. Pyrethroids are a group of medications that have been widely used for the treatment of head lice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnraveling the Molecular Architecture of Mosquito D1-Like Dopamine Receptors: Insights Into Ligand Binding and Structural Dynamics for Insecticide Development.
Proteins
January 2025
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
Vector-borne diseases pose a severe threat to human life, contributing significantly to global mortality. Understanding the structure-function relationship of the vector proteins is pivotal for effective insecticide development due to their involvement in drug resistance and disease transmission. This study reports the structural and dynamic features of D1-like dopamine receptors (DARs) in disease-causing mosquito species, such as Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae, and Anopheles stephensi.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCypermethrin induced physiological and metabolic changes in susceptible and resistant populations of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius).
Ecotoxicology
January 2025
Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most destructive insect pests. Insecticides remain the principal management tool to control this pest. However, indiscriminate use of insecticides has resulted in the development of resistance to a variety of insecticides in S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConsequences of insecticide overuse in Hungary: assessment of pyrethroid resistance in Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
Parasit Vectors
January 2025
National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Background: Mosquitoes, as vectors of various pathogens, have been a public health risk for centuries. Human activities such as international travel and trade, along with climate change, have facilitated the spread of invasive mosquitoes and novel pathogens across Europe, increasing the risk of mosquito-borne disease introduction and their spread. Despite this threat, mosquito control in Hungary still relies predominantly on chemical treatments, which poses the risk of developing insecticide resistance in local populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!