This article describes measles and measles vaccination, along with the challenges, successes, and progress in the postelimination era.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0006-2015 | DOI Listing |
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Molecular epidemiology of rubella during the pre- and post-elimination eras in the Americas.
Rev Panam Salud Publica
December 2024
Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Washington, DC United States of America Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America.
Since the last case of indigenous rubella virus (RuV) was detected in 2009 in the Region of the Americas, sporadic rubella and congenital rubella cases have been confirmed, and subsequently, a low number of associated sequences have been reported. Fifty-one sequences of wild-type RuV, representing four genotypes (1E, 1G, 1J, and 2B), were reported from five countries, with confirmed sources of exposure for 46 cases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the diversity of these viruses, showing no associations with sustained endemic transmission from previously endemic strains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenomic tools for post-elimination measles molecular epidemiology using Canadian surveillance data from 2018-2020.
Front Microbiol
November 2024
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Introduction: Measles is caused by the highly infectious measles virus, MeV, for which there is an effective vaccine. Monitoring of progress of measles elimination requires enhanced surveillance and tracking of MeV strains, including documenting the absence of an endemically circulating strain. Due to a reduction in the number of circulating genotypes, additional sequence information, beyond the standardized 450 nucleotide window of the nucleoprotein (N450), is required to corroborate the information from epidemiological investigations and, ideally, fill in gaps in the surveillance data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMapping priority areas for measles surveillance: stratifying reintroduction and transmission risk in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Rev Panam Salud Publica
November 2024
Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Objective: To stratify areas at risk of measles transmission in the state of Rio de Janeiro, using the risk assessment tool developed by the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with adaptations to the regional context.
Methods: This ecological study used municipalities of Rio de Janeiro state as the units of analysis. The overall risk of measles transmission was evaluated based on the scores of indicators grouped into four categories: vaccination, threat assessment, quality of health care services, and living conditions.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Measles-Specific Antibody Levels in Australian Blood Donors-Implications for Measles Post-Elimination Countries.
Vaccines (Basel)
July 2024
Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia.
Passive immunisation with normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG) is recommended as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for higher-risk measles contacts where vaccination is contraindicated. However, the concentration of measles-specific antibodies in NHIG depends on antibody levels within pooled donor plasma. There are concerns that measles immunity in the Australian population may be declining over time and that blood donors' levels will progressively decrease, impacting levels required to produce effective NHIG for measles PEP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeasles and Rubella Diagnostic and Classification Challenges in Near- and Post-Elimination Countries.
Vaccines (Basel)
June 2024
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Measles and rubella are vaccine-preventable viral diseases and can be prevented by safe, highly effective vaccination with measles- and rubella-containing vaccines. Given the myriad causes of febrile exanthems, laboratory surveillance for both measles and rubella is important to document the incidence of these diseases and to track the progress and maintenance of elimination in near- and post-elimination settings. Diagnostic challenges can hinder effective surveillance and classification challenges can hinder efforts to demonstrate achievement or maintenance of elimination.
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