Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil (Batista, Almeida, Barbosa, Berchieri Jr)Agronomical Science Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus II, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil (Freitas Neto)School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, United Kingdom (Barrow).
Published: July 2016
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (S Gallinarum) and biovar Pullorum (S Pullorum) are 2 poultry pathogens that cause major economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Control of both diseases mainly relies on the adoption of biosecurity programs, and success is dependent on accurate and fast detection. Based on this concept, we developed a duplex PCR assay, targeting 2 chromosomal sequences, which allowed us to precisely identify and differentiate S Gallinarum and S Pullorum field strains. This assay was validated by testing genomic DNA from 40 S Gallinarum and 29 S Pullorum field strains, 87 other Salmonella serovars, and 7 non-Salmonella strains. The serovar identifier region (SIR) primers produced a fragment only in S Gallinarum and S Pullorum strains, whereas the fragment from the ratA coding sequence, which was previously demonstrated to differentiate the 2 biovars, was also amplified from other Salmonella serovars. Our results showed that the combination of both SIR and ratA amplifications could be used to identify as well as to differentiate colonies of S Gallinarum and S Pullorum reliably. Thus, we believe this methodology can be a useful ancillary tool for routine veterinary diagnostic laboratories by providing rapid, accurate results.
Due to consumer demand, many conventional poultry farms are now growing poultry without antibiotics or synthetic chemicals. In addition to this, pasture/organic poultry farms have increased significantly in the USA, and they are also antibiotic- and chemical-free. According to recent reports, both antibiotic-free conventional and pasture poultry farmers are facing the re-emergence of bacterial diseases.
Background: Pullorum disease is a serious problem in many countries. Caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum), it creates huge economic losses in the poultry industry.
Pullorum ( Pullorum) and Gallinarum ( Gallinarum) are two biovars of serovar Gallinarum, responsible for pullorum disease and fowl typhoid, which are the most prevalent and pathogenic forms of salmonellosis in poultry in developing countries. Traditional differentiation methods for . Pullorum and .
Pure, potent and efficacious vaccines could help in the control of Newcastle disease (ND). The present study was designed to evaluate the thermo-stability of a live-attenuated ND virus vaccine containing the Mukteswar strain and to genetically characterize the seed virus. Moreover, the presence of extraneous agents (Fowl adenovirus, Mycoplasma, Salmonella Pullorum, and Salmonella Gallinarum) was assessed using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) optimized for detection in a panel.
Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Zeferino Vaz, s/n, Campus da USP, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
The study aimed to analyze the global genomic characteristics of 86 Salmonella Gallinarum and Pullorum genomes, which are significant pathogens in poultry.
Key findings revealed the presence of multiple resistance genes and virulence factors, along with various plasmids and prophages, indicating a high level of genetic diversity among the strains.
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and core genome MLST (cgMLST) successfully differentiated strains by biovar and geography, illustrating both local and global distributions.
