Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually takes many years from preclinical phase to prodromal phase characterized by mild symptoms before the onset of dementia. Once diagnosed with AD, the brain is already severely damaged and the disease will process quickly to the most severe stages since there is no medications that reverse the neuronal injuries in the brain. Thus, simple, inexpensive, and widely available methods for detecting potential AD patients during their preclinical phases are urgently needed. In such case, olfactory testing may offer a chance for early diagnosis of AD. However, there are limitations in these olfactory tests due to the complexity of the brain areas it extends to and the frequently olfactory fatigue occurred in the behavioral olfactory tests. Great efforts have been done epidemiologically to investigate the correlation between olfactory functions and possibility of developing AD. Different patterns of olfactory dysfunction have been found in AD at early stages and even mild cognitive impairment (MIC), but the cause of the dysfunction remained unclear. Various kinds of AD animal models have been used in the field to clarify the existence of olfactory dysfunctions and thus study the underling mechanism of the dysfunction. In this review we discuss (1) the function of Tau physiologically and pathologically; (2) the genetic background and biological characteristics of the most commonly used Tau transgenic mice; (3) the structural and molecule basis of olfaction; (4) the possible relationship between Tau pathology and olfactory dysfunction. Finally, we suggest that the tau transgenic mouse models may be helpful in studying the possible mechanisms of the dysfunction.

Download full-text PDF

Source

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

tau transgenic
12
olfactory dysfunction
12
olfactory
9
transgenic mouse
8
mouse models
8
alzheimer's disease
8
olfactory tests
8
dysfunction
6
tau
5
mini review
4

Similar Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a leading cause of cognitive decline and mortality worldwide, characterized by neurodegeneration, synaptic deficiencies, and neuroinflammation. Despite advancements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment, AD presents substantial challenges due to its complex pathology, heterogeneity, and the limited efficacy of current therapies. Consequently, there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic agents to target the multifaceted aspects of AD pathology, enhance current treatments, and minimize adverse effects.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

CD4-Derived Double-Negative T Cells Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease-Like Phenotypes in the 5×FAD Mouse Model.

CNS Neurosci Ther

January 2025

State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is difficult to predict and is typically diagnosed only after symptoms manifest. Recently, CD4 T cell-derived double-negative T (DNT) cells have shown strong immuno-regulatory properties in both in vitro and in vivo neuronal inflammation studies. However, the effectiveness of DNT cells in treating on AD are not yet fully understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

APOE Christchurch enhances a disease-associated microglial response to plaque but suppresses response to tau pathology.

Mol Neurodegener

January 2025

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4545, USA.

Background: Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). A recent case report identified a rare variant in APOE, APOE3-R136S (Christchurch), proposed to confer resistance to autosomal dominant Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether and how this variant exerts its protective effects.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

PET Imaging of a Transgenic Tau Rat Model SHR24 with [F]AV1451.

Mol Imaging Biol

January 2025

Molecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Purpose: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans with radioligands targeting tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) have accelerated our understanding of the role of misfolded tau in neurodegeneration. While intended for human research, applying these radioligands to small animals establishes a vital translational link. Transgenic animal models of dementia, such as the tau rat SHR24, play a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of these disorders.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by cognitive impairment, for which effective treatments remain lacking. Albumin (ALB) is an essential carrier protein found in various body fluids, playing crucial roles in anti-inflammatory processes, antioxidation, and signal transduction. Recent research indicates that ALB may play a significant role in the development and progression of AD, though its specific function is not yet fully understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!