[Prognosis prediction of febrile neutropenia by MASCC score: A retrospective study].

Introduction: The score of the MASCC, by means of clinical criteria, estimates the risk of serious complications in patients with neutropenic fever induced by chemotherapy.

Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of patients hospitalized for a neutropenic fever and analyzed complications according to the criteria defined by the MASCC.

Results: Eighty-one neutropenic fevers in 71 patients were identified. Microbiological documentation was obtained in 33% of cases only. Fifty-eight patients (72%) presented with a MASCC score≥21 and were considered as low risk of complications. In the total population, 10 patients died during their hospitalizations for neutropenic fever, 7 in the high-risk group versus 3 in the low risk group, including 2 patients suffering from significant comorbidities not taken into account by MASCC score. Within the low risk group, presence of a metastatic disease and existence of 2 or more comorbidities were associated with a longer duration of hospitalization.

Conclusion: This analysis suggests that the criteria of the MASCC are not always enough to thoroughly identify which patients were at risk of complications or could be treated through outpatient management. By better taking into account the comorbidities and tumoral stage, a better selection of the patients who are likely to receive an ambulatory treatment could be made. To date, hospitalization remains frequently necessary in neutropenic fevers, at least in its initial steps, and the place of the general practitioner remains to be better defined.