AI Article Synopsis

  • Chronic homotypic stress (repeated restraint) enhances microglial activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), while chronic heterotypic stress (chronic variable stress) does not show this effect.
  • Following a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the study found that RR increased microglial activation markers, while CVS actually decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels and Iba-1 expression in the PFC.
  • The findings suggest that the type and intensity of stress can influence neuroimmune responses, indicating that CVS might offer some protection against inflammation in the PFC compared to RR.

Article Abstract

Previous work from our group has shown that chronic homotypic stress (repeated restraint - RR) increases microglial morphological activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), while chronic heterotypic stress (chronic variable stress - CVS) produces no such effect. Therefore, we hypothesized that stressor modality would also determine the susceptibility of the PFC to a subsequent inflammatory stimulus (low dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). We found that RR, but not CVS, increased Iba-1 soma size in the PFC after LPS injection, consistent with microglial activation. In contrast, CVS decreased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and Iba-1 in the PFC under baseline conditions, which were not further affected by LPS. Thus, RR appears to promote microglial responses to LPS, whereas CVS is largely immunosuppressive. The results suggest that neuroimmune changes caused by CVS may to some extent protect the PFC from subsequent inflammatory stimuli. These data suggest that modality and/or intensity of stressful experiences will be a major determinant of central inflammation and its effect on prefrontal cortex-mediated functions.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5015433PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.004DOI Listing

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