Rapid, minimally invasive control of explicit neural activity would be a major advance for basic and clinical research in the neuroscience and neuroendocrinology fields, and could have applications for the potential treatment of neurological disorders. A new study by Stanley . brings us closer to this goal.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2016.65 | DOI Listing |
Med Biol Eng Comput
January 2025
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, Shanghai, China.
Previous studies reported baseline state-dependent effects on neural and hemodynamic responses to transcranial ultrasound stimulation. However, due to neurovascular coupling, neither neural nor hemodynamic baseline alone can fully explain the ultrasound-induced responses. In this study, using a general linear model, we aimed to investigate the roles of both neural and hemodynamic baseline status as well as their interactions in ultrasound-induced responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Odor perception plays a critical role in early human development, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood. To investigate these, we presented appetitive and aversive odors to infants of both sexes at one month of age while recording functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and nasal airflow data. Infants slept during odor presentation to allow MRI scanning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Top Dev Biol
January 2025
Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States. Electronic address:
All-trans RA (ATRA) is a small molecule derived from retinol (vitamin A) that directly controls gene expression at the transcriptional level by serving as a ligand for nuclear ATRA receptors. ATRA is produced by ATRA-generating enzymes that convert retinol to retinaldehyde (retinol dehydrogenase; RDH10) followed by conversion of retinaldehyde to ATRA (retinaldehyde dehydrogenase; ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, or ALDH1A3). Determining what ATRA normally does during vertebrate development has been challenging as studies employing ATRA gain-of-function (RA treatment) often do not agree with genetic loss-of-function studies that remove ATRA via knockouts of ATRA-generating enzymes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav Immun
January 2025
Department of Biology, Neuroendocrinology and Human Biology Unit, Institute for Animal Cell- and Systems Biology, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, D-22085 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address:
This study investigated the neural correlates of perceiving visual contagion cues characteristic of respiratory infections through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Sixty-two participants (32f/ 30 m; ∼25 years on average) watched short videos depicting either contagious or non-contagious everyday situations, while their brain activation was continuously measured. We further measured the release of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva to examine the first-line defensive response of the mucosal immune system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neural Eng
January 2025
Precision Neuroscience, 54 W 21st Street, New York, New York, 10010, UNITED STATES.
Localization of function within the brain and central nervous system is an essential aspect of clinical neuroscience. Classical descriptions of functional neuroanatomy provide a foundation for understanding the functional significance of identifiable anatomic structures. However, individuals exhibit substantial variation, particularly in the presence of disorders that alter tissue structure or impact function.
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