We introduce a new class of fractal reaction kinetics wherein two or more distinct fractal structures are synthesized as parts of a singular cascade reaction in a single chemical beaker. Two examples: sphere ↔ spiral & triangle ↔ square fractals, grow 10(6) orders from a single dendrimer (8 nm) to the visible scale.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00447d | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
Acid fracturing fluids can effectively improve the microporous structure of coal, thereby enhancing the permeability of coal seam and the efficiency of gas drainage. To explore the effects of acid fracturing fluids on the pore structure modification of coal samples from different coal ranks, hydrochloric acid-based acid fracturing fluids were prepared and used to soak four types of medium to high-rank coal in an experiment. High-pressure mercury intrusion and liquid nitrogen adsorption techniques results demonstrated that the acid fracturing fluid can effectively alter the pore structure of coal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
January 2025
College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China. Electronic address:
Non-dairy whipped creams (NDWC) are a typical food emulsion system and are gaining popularity among consumers. Oleogels as reasonable alternatives to trans and saturated fats in foods show great potential application in NDWC. Effects of different proportions of oleogel (30 %-70 %) as base oil on the crystallization behavior, appearance, interface and rheological properties of NDWC were evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Zwitterionic polymers have garnered significant attention for their distinctive properties, such as biocompatibility, antifouling capabilities, and resistance to protein adsorption, making them promising candidates for a wide range of applications, including drug delivery, oil production inhibitors, and water purification membranes. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of zwitterionic monomers and polymers through the modification of linear, vinyl, and aromatic heterocyclic functional groups via reaction with 1,3-propanesultone. Four zwitterionic polymers with varying molecular structures-ranging from linear to five and six membered ring systems-were synthesized: poly(sulfobetaine methacrylamide) (pSBMAm), poly(sulfobetaine-1-vinylimidazole) (pSB1VI), poly(sulfobetaine-2-vinylpyridine) (pSB2VP), and poly(sulfobetaine-4-vinylpyridine) (pSB4VP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
The effect of pores distribution on the multi-scale structure, enzyme accessibility, and pasting properties of the waxy maize starch granules with the same degree of hydrolysis were examined. Increased maltogenic α-amylase (MA) dosage obviously increased the shallow pores number and the roughness, whereas extended time increased the holes depth. Despite achieving the same hydrolysis degree and specific surface area, samples with numerous shallow holes exhibited a higher mass fractal dimension, a lower, peak viscosity, final viscosity and setback.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
January 2025
Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Telč, 58856 Telč, Czech Republic.
The time-evolution of dynamics as well as microstructure and mechanical response of phosphate-based geopolymers was probed using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and rheological tests. The analyzed relaxation processes in the freshly prepared geopolymer mixes evidenced a q-independent mode of the autocorrelation function, ascribed to density fluctuations of the already established molecular network, undergoing reconfiguration without significant mass transport. Upon curing, the detected motions are localized and depict a system evolving toward structural arrest dominated by slower hyperdiffusive dynamics, characterized by a compressed exponential regime, pointing to a structural relaxation process subjected to internal stresses, in a context of marked dynamical and structural heterogeneity.
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