Purpose: Our objective was to perform a meta-analysis on RCTs that compared outcomes in children with perforated appendicitis (PA) who underwent either early appendectomy (EA) or interval appendectomy (IA). We also sought to determine if the presence of an intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) at admission impacted treatment strategy and outcomes.
Methods: We identified two RCTs comparing EA versus IA in children with PA. A meta-analysis was performed using regression models and the overall adverse event rate was analyzed. The treatment effect variation depending on the presence of IAA at admission was also evaluated.
Results: EA significantly reduced the odds of an adverse event (OR 0.28, 95 % CI 0.1-0.77) and an unplanned readmission (OR 0.08, 95 % CI 0.01-0.67), as well as the total charges (79 % of the IA, 95 % CI 63-100) for those who did not have an IAA at admission. In children with an IAA, there was no difference between EA and IA. However, heterogeneity of treatment effect was present regarding IAA at presentation.
Conclusions: While EA appears to improve outcomes in patients without an abscess, the published data support no significant difference in outcomes between EA and IA in patients with an abscess.
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