Drought is a major agricultural problem worldwide. Therefore, selection for increased water use efficiency (WUE) in food and biofuel crop species will be an important trait in plant breeding programs. The leaf carbon isotopic composition (δ(13)Cleaf) has been suggested to serve as a rapid and effective high throughput phenotyping method for WUE in both C3 and C4 species. This is because WUE, leaf carbon discrimination (Δ(13)Cleaf), and δ(13)Cleaf are correlated through their relationships with intercellular to ambient CO2 partial pressures (Ci/Ca). However, in C4 plants, changing environmental conditions may influence photosynthetic efficiency (bundle-sheath leakiness) and post-photosynthetic fractionation that will potentially alter the relationship between δ(13)Cleaf and Ci/Ca. Here we discuss how these factors influence the relationship between δ(13)Cleaf and WUE, and the potential of using δ(13)Cleaf as a meaningful proxy for WUE.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2016.04.006 | DOI Listing |
Chemistry
December 2024
Harbin Institute of Technology - Weihai, School of Marine Science and Technoogy, No. 2 West Road, 264209, Weihai, CHINA.
Disulfide bonds (S-S) play a critical role in modern biochemistry, organic synthesis and prebiotic chemistry. Traditional methods for synthesizing disulfide bonds often rely on oxygen, alkali, and metal catalysts. Herein, thiol groups involved in amino acids and peptides were spontaneously converted into symmetrical and unsymmetrical disulfide bonds within water microdroplets, without the need for catalysts or oxygen, and under room temperature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
Although methods for synthesizing chiral phosphorus scaffolds are available, the potential of this molecular chirality remains largely unexplored. Herein, we present a remote desymmetrization of prochiral biaryl phosphine oxides through an organocatalytic asymmetric arylation. This metal-free approach enables the efficient synthesis of a wide range of densely functionalized P(V)-stereogenic compounds with good to excellent yields and satisfactory enantioselectivities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
December 2024
Osaka University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-6, Yamada-oka, 565-0871, Osaka, JAPAN.
Deuterated molecules are of growing interest because of the specific characteristics of deuterium, such as stronger C-D bonds being stronger than C-H bonds. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are widely utilized in scientific fields (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wushan St., 510640, Guangzhou, CHINA.
The proceeding of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) requires the formation of active hydrogen species for CO2 protonation, while traditional catalysts fail to balance the rate of hydrogen supply and CO2 protonation. Herein, we propose a "hydrogen on demand" mechanism, in which the polarity of the adsorbed CO2 is enhanced to allow the capture of hydrogen from water without forming free hydrogen species, realizing the matching rate of hydrogen supply and CO2 protonation. As a proof of concept, we construct Zn-N sites modified by Se atoms, allowing the proceeding of CO2RR under the "hydrogen on demand" mechanism with superior efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Asian J
December 2024
NUST: National University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, SAUDI ARABIA.
This study introduces a UiO-66-NH2/Tannic acid/Polyvinylidene fluoride (UTP) composite membrane for efficient oil-water separation. Pristine polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, due to their hydrophobic nature, tend to foul during oil-in-water emulsion separation. By incorporating the metal-organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH2 and stabilizing it with tannic acid (TA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the membrane's hydrophilicity and antifouling properties were significantly enhanced.
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