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Wheat seed embryo excision enables the creation of axenic seedlings and Koch's postulates testing of putative bacterial endophytes. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Establishing endophytes early can help suppress pathogens and boost seedling growth; however, it's unclear if wheat seeds allow bacteria to transmit from parent plants to seedlings.
  • - A study identified and located bacteria within wheat seeds through embryo excision, revealing low bacterial abundance and a limited diversity of culturable bacteria, mainly from the Erwinia and Paenibacillus genera.
  • - The findings suggest that physical structures in wheat prevent effective vertical transmission of bacteria from embryos and indicate that the bacterial load is mainly located in the seed coat, crease tissue, and endosperm, paving the way for more controlled experiments on endophyte effects.

Article Abstract

Early establishment of endophytes can play a role in pathogen suppression and improve seedling development. One route for establishment of endophytes in seedlings is transmission of bacteria from the parent plant to the seedling via the seed. In wheat seeds, it is not clear whether this transmission route exists, and the identities and location of bacteria within wheat seeds are unknown. We identified bacteria in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Hereward seed environment using embryo excision to determine the location of the bacterial load. Axenic wheat seedlings obtained with this method were subsequently used to screen a putative endophyte bacterial isolate library for endophytic competency. This absence of bacteria recovered from seeds indicated low bacterial abundance and/or the presence of inhibitors. Diversity of readily culturable bacteria in seeds was low with 8 genera identified, dominated by Erwinia and Paenibacillus. We propose that anatomical restrictions in wheat limit embryo associated vertical transmission, and that bacterial load is carried in the seed coat, crease tissue and endosperm. This finding facilitates the creation of axenic wheat plants to test competency of putative endophytes and also provides a platform for endophyte competition, plant growth, and gene expression studies without an indigenous bacterial background.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4858700PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep25581DOI Listing

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