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Ck2-Dependent Phosphorylation Is Required to Maintain Pax7 Protein Levels in Proliferating Muscle Progenitors. | LitMetric

Ck2-Dependent Phosphorylation Is Required to Maintain Pax7 Protein Levels in Proliferating Muscle Progenitors.

PLoS One

Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.

Published: July 2017

AI Article Synopsis

  • Satellite cells are adult stem cells crucial for skeletal muscle regeneration, and their fate is determined by the balance between self-renewal and differentiation, influenced by Pax7 and MyoD proteins.* -
  • The protein Pax7 is maintained in muscle progenitor cells through phosphorylation at a specific site (S201) by casein kinase 2, preventing its degradation and enabling these cells to proliferate rather than differentiate.* -
  • Disruption of this phosphorylation leads to reduced Pax7 levels, increased differentiation, and premature commitment to becoming muscle cells, indicating that Pax7's regulation is key for controlling the fate of muscle progenitors.*

Article Abstract

Skeletal muscle regeneration and long term maintenance is directly link to the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of resident adult stem cells known as satellite cells. In turn, satellite cell fate is influenced by a functional interaction between the transcription factor Pax7 and members of the MyoD family of muscle regulatory factors. Thus, changes in the Pax7-to-MyoD protein ratio may act as a molecular rheostat fine-tuning acquisition of lineage identity while preventing precocious terminal differentiation. Pax7 is expressed in quiescent and proliferating satellite cells, while its levels decrease sharply in differentiating progenitors Pax7 is maintained in cells (re)acquiring quiescence. While the mechanisms regulating Pax7 levels based on differentiation status are not well understood, we have recently described that Pax7 levels are directly regulated by the ubiquitin-ligase Nedd4, thus promoting proteasome-dependent Pax7 degradation in differentiating satellite cells. Here we show that Pax7 levels are maintained in proliferating muscle progenitors by a mechanism involving casein kinase 2-dependent Pax7 phosphorylation at S201. Point mutations preventing S201 phosphorylation or casein kinase 2 inhibition result in decreased Pax7 protein in proliferating muscle progenitors. Accordingly, this correlates directly with increased Pax7 ubiquitination. Finally, Pax7 down regulation induced by casein kinase 2 inhibition results in precocious myogenic induction, indicating early commitment to terminal differentiation. These observations highlight the critical role of post translational regulation of Pax7 as a molecular switch controlling muscle progenitor fate.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4856311PMC
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154919PLOS

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