Clinical Features of Food Allergy during the 1st Year of Life: The ADAPAR Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Although food allergies (FAs) occur most commonly during the 1st year of life, there is limited information available regarding the epidemiology of FAs. In this study, we investigated the incidence of FA and the associated risk factors during the 1st year of life in southeast Turkey.

Methods: This study is a prospective evaluation of 1,377 infants born at the Balcalı Hospital (Çukurova University) and includes four routine follow-up assessments until the age of 1 year. At birth, a physical examination was performed, cord blood samples were taken, and parents completed a baseline questionnaire. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 3, 6 and 12 months and included the infants' physical examination and a follow-up questionnaire. A skin prick test (SPT) was performed and food-specific IgE levels were measured at 6 and 12 months. Telephone interviews were conducted when the infants were 9 months of age, and the questionnaire was administered. The diagnosis of FA was based on food-specific IgE levels, positive SPT results, associated clinical findings and an oral food challenge (OFC) test.

Results: Patient histories, physical examinations and laboratory results indicated a possible FA in 90 infants (6.5%) during the 1st year of life. All of them underwent OFC testing with the suspected foods, and FA was confirmed in 33 cases (2.4%). Cow's milk allergy was the major cause of FA. Skin reactions were major clinical findings in FA. A family history of atopy was identified as the major risk factor for FA.

Conclusions: The prevalence and risk factors of FA in our region are consistent with those reported in the literature.