Rectal prolapse is a herniation of the rectum through the anus. It is rare in children. When it does occur, it is usually prior to 4 years of age and due to anatomical variants. A few conditions predispose children to rectal prolapse, the most common being constipation. Cystic fibrosis used to be commonly associated with rectal prolapse, but with the advent of cystic fibrosis newborn screening, this association is no longer as frequently seen. Many recent case reports, detailed in this chapter, describe conditions previously unknown to be associated with rectal prolapse. Management is usually supportive; however, rectal prolapse requires surgical management in certain situations. This review details the presentation of rectal prolapse, newly described clinical manifestations, and associated conditions, and up-to-date medical and surgical management.
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