Lipid mediators play a main role in the complex course of cutaneous inflammatory reactions. They regulate a wide spectrum of cellular processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the early phase of inflammation, excessive amounts of lipid mediators are released and play a major role in the pathogenesis of skin diseases. Recent data suggest that lipid mediators are able to interfere with the pathogenesis of certain dermatologic diseases, seriously affecting patient quality of life. Acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis are specific examples of skin diseases that may respond to treatment with medication affecting these metabolic pathways. The authors briefly present the current knowledge about the role of lipid mediators in common skin pathologies.
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Nat Struct Mol Biol
December 2024
Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Calcium (Ca)-activated ion channels and lipid scramblases in the transmembrane protein 16 (TMEM16) family are structurally related to mechanosensitive ion channels in the TMEM63 and transmembrane channel-like (TMC) families. Members of this structurally related superfamily share similarities in gating transitions and serve a wide range of physiological functions, which is evident from their disease associations. The TMEM16, TMEM63 and TMC families include members with important functions in the cell membrane and/or intracellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, membrane contact sites, endosomes and lysosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Toxicol
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Obesity leads to a variety of health risks, and lead, which is ranked second in Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's priority list of harmful substances, may be more harmful to individuals that are obese. C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet with or without exposure to 1 g/L lead exposure in drinking water for 8 consecutive weeks. Serum and hepatic biochemistry analysis, histopathological observation, and RT-qPCR were used to explore the potential mechanism of liver damage in obese individuals after Pb exposure, and fecal microbiota transplantation was performed to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in the progression of fatty liver disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis review delves into the evolving landscape of mediated drug delivery, focusing on the versatility of a variety of drug delivery vehicles such as microspheres, microbots, and nanoparticles (NPs). The review also expounds on the critical components and mechanisms for light-mediated drug delivery, including photosensitizers and light sources such as visible light detectable by the human eye, ultraviolet (UV) light, shorter wavelengths than visible light, and near-infrared (NIR) light, which has longer wavelength than visible light. This longer wavelength has been implemented in drug delivery for its ability to penetrate deeper tissues and highlighted for its role in precise and controlled drug release.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Neurobiol
December 2024
Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 San-Nomiya, Koshigaya-Shi, Saitama, 343-8540, Japan.
Accumulation of senescent neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is an important tissue phenotype that causes age-related degeneration of peripheral sensory nerves. Senescent neurons are neurons with arrested cell cycle that have undergone cellular senescence but remain in the tissue and play various biological roles. To understand the accumulation of senescent neurons in the DRG during aging, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism that induces cellular senescence in DRG neurons and the role of senescent DRG neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur-425405, Maharashtra, India.
The main issues with current and traditional cancer therapy delivery systems include a lack of selectivity towards tumors, causing harm to healthy cells, low efficiency in loading drugs, and the inability to visually track the drug's localization after administration. These limitations negatively impact the effectiveness of therapy and result in increased treatment costs. Furthermore, conventional cancer therapies typically target tumor cells through a single mechanism, which eventually leads to the emergence of drug resistance.
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