Recent activity in photon counting CMOS image sensors (CIS) has been directed to reduction of read noise. Many approaches and methods have been reported. This work is focused on providing sub 1 e(-) read noise by design and operation of the binary and small signal readout of photon counting CIS. Compensation of transfer gate feed-through was used to provide substantially reduced CDS time and source follower (SF) bandwidth. SF read noise was reduced by a factor of 3 with this method. This method can be applied broadly to CIS devices to reduce the read noise for small signals to enable use as a photon counting sensor.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16040517 | DOI Listing |
Absolute bacterial biomass estimation in the human gut is crucial for understanding microbiome dynamics and host-microbe interactions. Current methods for quantifying bacterial biomass in stool, such as flow cytometry, qPCR, or spike-ins (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Esthet Restor Dent
January 2025
Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington; Founder and Director, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; and Private Practice, Seattle, WA, USA.
Objectives: The different scanning errors that can be caused by the operator handling an intraoral scanner (IOS) or the intraoral conditions of the patient being scanned have not been described. The purpose of this review was to describe and classify the scanning errors that can be identified in digital scans recorded by using IOSs.
Overview: The identification of scanning errors in an intraoral scan and understanding the cause of these scanning errors are fundamental procedures for successfully handling an IOS and integrating these digital data acquisition technologies in dental practices.
Neural Netw
January 2025
College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking, Tianjin, 300350, China. Electronic address:
Distant supervision aligns the unstructured text to the knowledge base, thereby enabling automatic machine annotation. Nevertheless, this inevitably introduces a considerable amount of noise. Distant supervised relation extraction models aggregate all sentences sharing the same entity pairs into bags and employ various attention mechanisms to reduce the impact of noisy instances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Clin Med Phys
January 2025
Medical Physics Section, OHS Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Purpose: To evaluate image quality (IQ) of for-processing (raw) and for-presentation (clinical) radiography images, under different exposure conditions and digital image post-processing algorithms, using a phantom that enables multiple detection tasks.
Methods: A modified version of the radiography phantom described in the IAEA Human Health Series No. 39 publication was constructed, incorporating six additional Aluminum (Al) targets of thicknesses both smaller and larger than the standard one.
J Occup Environ Hyg
January 2025
Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Chemical release data are essential for performing chemical risk assessments to understand the potential exposures arising from industrial processes. Often, these data are unknown or unavailable and must be estimated. A case study of volatile organic compound releases during extrusion-based additive manufacturing is used here to explore the viability of various regression methods for predicting chemical releases to inform chemical assessments.
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