Energetic materials (explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics) are used extensively for both civilian and military applications and the development of such materials, particularly in the case of energetic salts, is subject to continuous research efforts all over the world. This Review concerns recent advances in the syntheses, properties, and potential applications of ionic salts based on tetrazole N-oxide. Most of these salts exhibit excellent characteristics and can be classified as a new family of highly energetic materials with increased density and performance, alongside decreased mechanical sensitivity. Additionally, novel tetrazole N-oxide salts are proposed based on a diverse array of functional groups and ions pairs, which may be promising candidates for new energetic materials.
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Substituted tetrazoles with -oxide moiety: critical assessment of thermochemical properties.
Phys Chem Chem Phys
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N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
Modeling of the structure of molecules and simulation of crystal structure followed by the calculation of the enthalpies of formation for 21 salts of three high-energy tetrazole 1-oxides: 5-nitro-1-hydroxy-1-tetrazole 1a-1g, 5-trinitromethyl-1-hydroxy-1-tetrazole 2a-2g and 6-amino-3-(1-hydroxy-1-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine 1,5-dioxide 3a-3g was performed. The methods of quantum chemistry and the method of atom-atom potentials were used. Structural search for optimal crystal packings was carried out in 11 most common space symmetry groups.
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School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
A series of high-nitrogen compounds, including a unique molecule 2,2'-azobis(1,5'-bitetrazole) with a branched N chain and 1,5'-bitetrazolate-2-oxides, were synthesized successfully based on C-N-linked 1,5'-bistetrazoles using azo coupling of -amine bonds and -oxide introduction strategies. All compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, in which the structures of five compounds were further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (, , , , and ). The nitrogen contents of these five compounds range from 63.
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Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
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Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
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