Background: Botswana introduced monovalent G1P rotavirus vaccine (RV1) in July 2012, providing one of the first opportunities to assess the effectiveness of routine RV1 vaccination in a high-burden setting in Africa. We sought to determine the effectiveness of RV1 against rotavirus diarrhea hospitalization using a case-control evaluation.
Methods: Vaccine age-eligible children <5 years of age admitted with diarrhea at 4 hospitals in Botswana were enrolled from June 2013 to April 2015. Card-confirmed vaccine history was compared between case patients (children with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus diarrhea) and nonrotavirus "test-negative" diarrhea controls. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was computed using unconditional logistic regression models adjusting for age, birth month/year, and hospital. Sequence-based genotyping was performed on antigen-positive samples.
Results: Among 242 case patients and 368 controls, 82% (199/242) and 92% (339/368), respectively, had received ≥1 doses of RV1. Effectiveness of a full series (2 doses) of RV1 against rotavirus diarrhea requiring hospitalization was 54% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-73%); 1 dose of RV1 was 48% (95% CI, 1%-72%) effective. Effectiveness was 59% (95% CI, 4%-83%) against rotavirus caused by G2P, the most common (37%) circulating genotype. However, the effectiveness of 2 RV1 doses was significantly higher in children with no undernutrition (VE, 75% [95% CI, 41%-89%]), compared to those with moderate or severe undernutrition (VE, -28% [95% CI, -309% to 60%]) (P= .02).
Conclusions: Routine RV1 vaccination in Botswana showed effectiveness similar to that in clinical trials in Africa, including against a serotype fully heterotypic to the vaccine. Undernutrition may in part explain the lower rotavirus VE in low-income settings.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ1207 | DOI Listing |
Indian J Med Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, RIMS, Lamphelpat, Imphal - 795004, Manipur, India. Electronic address:
Background: Rotavirus diarrhoea is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five years of age. The WHO has recommended vaccination against this agent especially in countries with high mortality rates. As India accounts for almost a quarter of worldwide rotaviral diarrhoea cases, the government has introduced indigenously manufactured vaccines in the national immunization schedule which has been implemented in four phases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Globally, infectious diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria are the leading causes of death for children under 5. Diarrheal disease is a significant public health concern and causes the death of approximately 525,000 children under the age of 5 every year. In Ethiopia, studies revealed that the prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years is alarming.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy.
Background/objectives: Rotavirus (RV) is the primary cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality, particularly among children under five years of age. The introduction of Rotavirus vaccines (RVV) has markedly reduced RV-related childhood deaths, especially in Europe, where substantial reductions in hospitalizations and disease prevalence have been observed. Despite these advances, RVV uptake in Italy remains below the desired targets, with notable regional disparities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
: The etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains an area of active research, with genetic and environmental factors being investigated. This meta-analysis aimed to determine if rotavirus vaccination influences the onset of T1D in children. : Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, two researchers independently searched multiple databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, for studies published in English from 2006 to September 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pediatr
January 2025
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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