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Low-Level Blast Exposure Increases Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) Expression in the Rat Cornea. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Military personnel with blast-related ocular injuries have prompted research into the effects of blasts on neurosensory function, particularly regarding pain and inflammation, which are less understood compared to cognitive and visual deficits.
  • The study involved exposing anesthetized rats to single and repeated blasts using a shock tube, analyzing the impact on pain and inflammatory markers in ocular tissues through various scientific techniques.
  • Results indicated that both single and repeated blasts increased markers of pain and inflammation, such as TRPV1, CGRP, SP, and ET-1, along with neutrophil infiltration in the corneas, highlighting the need for further research into blast-related injuries.

Article Abstract

Background: Blast-related ocular injuries sustained by military personnel have led to rigorous efforts to elucidate the effects of blast exposure on neurosensory function. Recent studies have provided some insight into cognitive and visual deficits sustained following blast exposure; however, limited data are available on the effects of blast on pain and inflammatory processes. Investigation of these secondary effects of blast exposure is necessary to fully comprehend the complex pathophysiology of blast-related injuries. The overall purpose of this study is to determine the effects of single and repeated blast exposure on pain and inflammatory mediators in ocular tissues.

Methods: A compressed air shock tube was used to deliver a single or repeated blast (68.0 ± 2.7 kPa) to anesthetized rats daily for 5 days. Immunohistochemistry was performed on ocular tissues to determine the expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) following single and repeated blast exposure. Neutrophil infiltration and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression were also assessed in blast tissues via immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis, respectively.

Results: TRPV1 expression was increased in rat corneas exposed to both single and repeated blast. Increased secretion of CGRP, SP, and ET-1 was also detected in rat corneas as compared to control. Moreover, repeated blast exposure resulted in neutrophil infiltration in the cornea and stromal layer as compared to control animals.

Conclusion: Single and repeated blast exposure resulted in increased expression of TRPV1, CGRP, SP, and ET-1 as well as neutrophil infiltration. Collectively, these findings provide novel insight into the activation of pain and inflammation signaling mediators following blast exposure.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5351794PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2015.1122812DOI Listing

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