Posttraumatic seizures (PTS) have been recognized as a major complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The annual incidence of TBI in the United States is 1.7 million. The role of anticonvulsants in the treatment of posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) remains uncertain. Based on current studies, however, anticonvulsants have been shown to reduce early PTS occurring within the first 7 days, but little to no benefits have been shown in late PTS occurring after 7 days. In this paper, we provide a mini review of the role of anticonvulsants and current advances in the management of PTE.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2016.00032 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
The current opioid crisis urgently calls for developing non-addictive pain medications. Progress has been slow, highlighting the need to uncover targets with unique mechanisms of action. Extracellular adenosine alleviates pain by activating the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Dev Res
February 2025
Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Epilepsy affects at least 1% of the global population of all socioeconomic backgrounds. Data obtained from previous studies suggest the role of mTOR signaling in epileptogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that mTOR inhibitor sulfamethizole might produce antiepileptic effects in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling seizures in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Epilepsy Res
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, México.
Discontinuation of antiseizure medications (ASMs), primarily prompted by adverse effects, presents a formidable challenge in the management of epilepsy, and impacting up to 25% of patients. This article thoroughly explores the clinical spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) associated with commonly prescribed ASMs. Ranging from mild maculopapular rashes to life-threatening conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), the diverse manifestations are meticulously detailed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIBRO Neurosci Rep
December 2024
Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Epilepsy remains a challenge, with one-third of patients experiencing refractory seizures despite current anti-seizure medications. The nitrergic system, which involves nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) enzymes, plays a complex role in seizure pathophysiology. Pentoxifylline (PTPh), an FDA-approved phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has anticonvulsant effects; however, its relationship with the pathway is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vet Intern Med
December 2024
Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Background: In dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), 33% develop resistance to conventional anti-seizure medication (ASM) despite adequate treatment. In human medicine, an immune-mediated etiology is suspected in a subset of ASM-resistant patients with epilepsy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG)-type oligoclonal bands (OCBs) have been detected. In dogs, cases of autoimmune encephalitis recently were reported.
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