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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Past, present, and future. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) therapy helps control blood sugar (glycaemic control) with a low risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) and can also aid in weight loss.
  • - There has been significant research growth in incretin therapies since their initial discovery, leading to more options for GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) being available for treatment.
  • - An in-depth literature review was conducted using PubMed to evaluate different GLP-1 RAs based on factors like structure, effectiveness, safety, and convenience, including findings from phase 3 trials and expert opinions.

Article Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapy improves glycaemic control through multiple mechanisms, with a low risk of hypoglycaemia and the additional benefit of clinically relevant weight loss. Since Starling and Bayliss first proposed the existence of intestinal secretions that stimulate the pancreas, tremendous progress has been made in the area of incretins. As a number of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) continue to become available, physicians will soon face the challenge of selecting the right option customized to their patient's needs. The following discussion, derived from an extensive literature search using the PubMed database, applying the terms incretin, GLP-1, exenatide, liraglutide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, lixisenatide, semaglutide, and taspoglutide, provides a comprehensive review of existing and upcoming molecules in the GLP-1 RA class in terms of their structure, pharmacological profiles, efficacy, safety, and convenience. Search Methodology: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database, applying the terms incretin, GLP-1, exenatide, liraglutide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, lixisenatide, semaglutide, and taspoglutide. Relevant articles were those that discussed structural, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences, classification, long-acting and short-acting GLP-1 RAs, phase 3 trials, and expert opinions. Additional targeted searches were conducted on diabetes treatment guidelines and reviews on safety, as well as the American Diabetes Association/European Society for Study of Diabetes (ADA/EASD) statement on pancreatic safety.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4792029PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.176351DOI Listing

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