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The role of uncertain reward in voluntary task-switching as revealed by pupillometry and gaze.
Behav Brain Res
March 2025
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, Psychology Building, Building 0463, 515 Coke St, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Building (ILSB), Room 3148 | 3474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3474, United States of America. Electronic address:
Cognitive flexibility, the brain's ability to adjust to changes in the environment, is a critical component of executive functioning. Previous literature shows a robust relationship between reward dynamics and flexibility: flexibility is highest when reward changes, while flexibility decreases when reward remains stable. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of uncertain reward in a voluntary task switching paradigm on behavior, pupillometry, and eye gaze.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInto the wild: uncertain frontiers and sustainable human-nature interactions.
Front Sociol
March 2024
School of Education & Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom.
Humans seldom consider themselves as animals, and that humans are animals is a truth frequently turned into an insulting metaphor indicating "uncivilized" behavior in many cultures. Interestingly, the "civilizing" aspects of Western Culture in the Global North are historically derived from traditions of democracy based on living in cities from which the wild has been banished. This is embedded in the English language since civilizing and civilization come from the Latin for city, , the place where citizens hold voting rights.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAt least 3 of 4 athletes will not only return to sport after hip arthroscopy but also maintain durability in their sport regardless of high-impact activity. Hoping our injured athletes can return to sport after their injury would prove an insufficient answer to our injured patients' expectations of a mathematically precise answer. As it turns out, Mathematical Hope exists as a term to describe the way we calculate probability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with dysphagia after stroke: a systematic review.
Neurol Sci
May 2024
Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background: Swallowing is a complex function that can be disrupted after stroke. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation therapy that recently has been tested to treat stroke-related dysphagia.
Methods: The authors performed a search in the literature to review the described evidence of the use of tDCS in dysphagia after stroke.
Onychoscopic characteristics of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitalis fungal infections: A multicentric study.
Mycoses
January 2024
Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Background: Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes variant interdigitalis are the most frequent etiologic agents of onychomycosis. Diagnosis of certainty requires mycological examination, which often results unfeasible.
Objectives: The aim of our study is to describe pathogen specific dermoscopic features, allowing a differential diagnosis without the need for cultural examination, in order to prescribe the most appropriate treatment anyway.
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