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The effect of STI screening during pregnancy on vertical transmission of HIV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in South Africa: a modelling study.
J Int AIDS Soc
February 2025
Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. In South Africa, syndromic management is the standard of care for STI management. We assessed the potential impact of point-of-care (POC) screening for curable STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], Trichomonas vaginalis [TV] and Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]) during pregnancy on vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNoninvasive in vivo imaging of macrophages: understanding tumor microenvironments and delivery of therapeutics.
Biomark Res
January 2025
BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea.
Macrophages are pivotal in the body's defense and response to inflammation. They are present in significant numbers and are widely implicated in various diseases, including cancer. While molecular and histological techniques have advanced our understanding of macrophage biology, their precise function within the cancerous microenvironments remains underexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDose measurements with the Pille-ISS thermoluminescent dosimeter system during extravehicular activities (2004-2022).
Life Sci Space Res (Amst)
February 2025
Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 76A Khoroshevskoye shosse, 123007, Moscow, Russian Federation.
One of the most problematic goals for radiation safety during spaceflight is an assessment of additional doses received by astronauts during extravehicular activity (EVA). The Pille-ISS thermoluminescent dosimeter developed by the predecessor of the Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Energy Research (Budapest, Hungary) is designed for the routine dose measurements not only inside the spacecraft compartments, but also for personal dosimetric control for EVA. During almost two decades of the International Space Station (ISS) operation, the unique set of 131 EVA doses were recorded in different conditions, such as: solar activity, ISS trajectory along the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), and shielding conditions provided by two kinds of spacesuits: the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) and Orlan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom Extractables to Exposure Data: Sensitivity Analysis of Extrapolation Algorithms with Focus on USP 〈665〉.
Eur J Pharm Sci
January 2025
Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen ,Germany.
We evaluated algorithms designed to extrapolate extractables data for predicting process equipment-related leachables (PERLs) and assessing PERL exposure in single-use systems (SUSs) and their assemblies. The robustness and sensitivity of these algorithms were tested against variations in input data, including extrapolation algorithms for both short and long contact time extractables data obtained from the standardized extractables protocol provided in USP 〈665〉. Our findings demonstrate that extrapolated data for SUS and assemblies are suitable for safety assessments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing consistency in drought risks in India with multiple multivariate meteorological drought indices (MMDI) under climate change.
Sci Total Environ
January 2025
Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad, Kerala, India.
This study investigates the spatio-temporal consistency of different MMDI formulations and their role in meteorological drought characterization uncertainty under historic and future climates using ERA5 reanalysis, and outputs from eight Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models, respectively, across different climate zones and shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) in the Indian subcontinent. Six MMDI formulations namely the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), and self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI), Standardized Palmer Drought Index (SPDI), Standardized Moisture Anomaly Index (SZI) and Supply Demand Drought Index (SDDI) are used. A suite of analysis including agreement mapping, category difference analysis and uncertainty contribution analysis using global sensitivity analysis (GSA) are employed to quantify the consistency of MMDIs and uncertainty in drought characterization due to the MMDI formulation.
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