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Objective: The reinforcing value of food may be established early in life. Research shows that infant weight status is related to the relative reinforcing value of food versus non-food alternatives (food reinforcing ratio, FRR). The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effects of a 6-week music enhancement program (Music Together®, n = 14) versus an active play date control group (n = 13) on the FRR in 9- to 16-month-old infants who were high in relative food reinforcement.
Methods: Participating parents and infants attended six weekly 45-min group classes. Parents in the music group and the play date group were encouraged to listen to the Music Together program CD or play with the play date group's toy with their infants at home, respectively.
Results: Intent-to-treat analysis showed a decrease in FRR for infants in the music group (mean ± SD: -0.13 ± 0.13) in comparison to a slight increase in the control group (0.04 ± 0.11) (F[1, 24] = 11.86, P = 0.002).
Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that relative reinforcing value of food can be reduced by promoting alternative reinforcers at an early age.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.21427 | DOI Listing |
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins
December 2024
Center for Sciences of Imperatriz, Graduate Program in Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil.
Probiotics are microorganisms that provide health benefits at adequate doses and exhibit notable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. These properties play crucial roles in combating chronic diseases linked to oxidative stress and antimicrobial resistance. This review aimed to summarize the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of probiotics determined in in vitro studies and discuss mechanistic actions and analysis methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Biodivers
December 2024
North-West University - Mafikeng Campus, Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, G10, 2735, Mmabatho, SOUTH AFRICA.
The genus Grewia are known for their medicinal properties. We isolated and characterized five endophytic fungi from Grewialasiocarpa for in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Five [Aspergillus fumigatus (MK243397.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmSystems
December 2024
Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Unlabelled: Dietary fiber confers multiple health benefits originating from the expansion of beneficial gut microbial activity. However, very few studies have established the metabolic consequences of interactions among specific fibers, microbiome composition, and function in either human or representative animal models. In a study design reflective of realistic population dietary variation, fecal metagenomic and metabolomic profiles were analyzed from healthy dogs fed 12 test foods containing different fiber sources and quantities (5-13% as-fed basis).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropharmacology
December 2024
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Background: Apathy is a syndrome of decreased goal-directed activity, one of the main features of different brain disorders. Despite its high prevalence and life-threatening potential, there are currently very few options for its pharmacological treatment, which may be related to the lack of valid animal models.
Aims: The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor tetrabenazine (TBZ) was used in this study to model apathy-related behavior in pathologies linked to a depletion of dopamine.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Europa Plaza 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Proteinmat Materials SL, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. Electronic address:
With the urge to reduce the use of petroleum-based materials, the aim of this work is to valorize biowaste to develop smart films through a sustainable fabrication way. In this regard, choline chloride/urea (1:2) deep eutectic solvent (DES) at different concentrations (25, 40, 50 and 75 wt%) was used to dissolve cow horn, used as reinforcement agent in soy protein films. The film fabrication was carried out by compression molding, a fast and cost-effective.
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