Spontaneous Extradural Hemorrhage in a Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background: Spontaneous extradural hemorrhage is a rare entity. It is usually reported in association with locoregional disease, which is often infective, inflammatory, and hematologic. Chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis is one of the most infrequent causes. The exact association or pathogenesis remains elusive, although possible mechanisms have been suggested. The presentation, associated comorbid conditions, and management vary among the reported cases.

Case Description: A 39-year-old man with hypertension, well controlled with medications, and chronic kidney disease was on maintenance hemodialysis. He later underwent Tenckhoff catheter insertion for peritoneal dialysis; 2 weeks later, when peritoneal dialysis was started, he developed breathlessness. The Tenckhoff catheter was removed. However, the patient developed ascitic leak from the surgical site, which was repaired under general anesthesia. In the immediate postoperative period, he developed sudden, severe headache and was found to have bifrontal extradural hemorrhage. He underwent prompt drainage of the hematoma and was discharged on the fifth postoperative day in stable condition.

Conclusions: We report a rare case of spontaneous bilateral frontal extradural hemorrhage in the immediate postoperative period in a patient on hemodialysis. In addition, we review the existing literature on the topic.