At present HL: should be considered a marker of immunodeficiency, though not necessarily associated with HIV infection. In eight patients with HL it was confirmed that this lesion, in male homosexuals, in a precursor and marker of AIDS. The diagnosis of HL warrant all efforts to protect the immune system and avoid progression to AIDS.
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Cureus
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Ave, Guimarães, PRT.
Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign, self-limiting, and usually asymptomatic condition, characterized by abnormally hypertrophied and elongated filiform papillae on the surface of the tongue. In this article, we present the case of a woman diagnosed with hebephrenic schizophrenia who developed BHT after using olanzapine to treat an acute episode of the disease. The temporal coincidence between the development of BHT and the increase in olanzapine dosage to 20 mg daily suggests a likely dose-dependent relationship, making this psychotropic drug the most probable cause of this condition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN.
Black hairy tongue, also known as , is a benign oral condition characterized by a dark discoloration and "hairy" appearance on the tongue's dorsal surface, resulting from elongated filiform papillae. This condition is associated with risk factors such as smoking, poor oral hygiene, and diabetes, which increase susceptibility to microbial colonization, particularly by species. Although commonly diagnosed by visual inspection, black hairy tongue is infrequently observed during endoscopic procedures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal
January 2025
Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
J Cosmet Dermatol
November 2024
Clinical Research Development Centre, Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is used to treat various neurological and psychiatric conditions. While oral VPA can cause hair loss, topical application has shown potential for hair regeneration. This study aimed to develop and evaluate microemulsion (ME) formulations of VPA for enhanced transfollicular delivery.
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