Background: Due to complexities of cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), formalin-fixed specimens are used to investigate cardiac remodeling in diseases, and reported results have shown conflicting trends. This study investigates the impact of formalin-fixation on diffusion properties and optimizes tracking parameters based on controls to understand remodeling in myocardial-infarction (MI).
Methods: DTI was performed on 4 healthy (controls) and 4 MI induced formalin-fixed (PoMI) porcine hearts. Controls were scanned pre-fixation (PrCtrl) and re-scanned (PoCtrl) after formalin-fixation. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were estimated in all hearts. Tracking parameters (FA, tract termination angle (TTA), fiber-length) were optimized in controls and then used to investigate structural remodeling in PoMI hearts.
Results: Fixation increased ADC and decreased FA. PoMI showed increased ADC but decreased FA in infarcted zone compared to remote zone. TTA showed sharp increase in slope from 5°-10°, which flattened after 25° in all groups. Mean fiber-length for different tracking length range showed that PoCtrl had shorter fibers compared to PrCtrl. Fibers around infarction were shorter in length and disarrayed compared to PoCtrl group.
Conclusion: Formalin-fixation affects diffusion properties and hence DTI parametric trends observed in pathology may be influenced by the fixation process which can cause contradictory findings.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2015.10.007 | DOI Listing |
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