This Letter describes the further lead optimization of the VU0486321 series of mGlu1 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), focused on addressing the recurrent issue of plasma instability of the phthalimide moiety. Here, we evaluated a number of phthalimide bioisosteres, and ultimately identified isoindolinones as the ideal replacement that effectively address plasma instability, while maintaining acceptable mGlu1 PAM potency, DMPK profile, CNS penetration and mGluR selectivity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.031 | DOI Listing |
Clin Trials
January 2025
Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Introduction: The sequential parallel comparison design has emerged as a valuable tool in clinical trials with high placebo response rates. To further enhance its efficiency and effectiveness, adaptive strategies, such as sample size adjustment and allocation ratio modification can be employed.
Methods: We compared the performance of Jennison and Turnbull's method and the Promising Zone approach for sample size adjustment in a two-phase sequential parallel comparison design study.
Pharmaceutics
January 2025
Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Background/objectives: Water-soluble vitamins, comprising the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, are essential for normal growth, cellular metabolism, and immune function in pediatric populations. Due to limited storage in the body, these vitamins require consistent intake to prevent deficiencies. Pediatric populations, particularly infants and young children, face a heightened risk of both deficiency and, in rare cases, toxicity due to varying dietary intake and increased developmental needs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceutics
January 2025
College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
/: Inhaler devices have been developed for the effective delivery of inhaled medications used in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. However, differing operating procedures across the devices can lead to user errors and reduce treatment efficacy, especially when patients use multiple devices simultaneously. To address this, we developed a novel dry powder inhaler (DPI), combining fluticasone propionate (FP), salmeterol xinafoate (SX), and tiotropium bromide (TB) into a single device designed for bioequivalent delivery compared to existing commercial products in an animal model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
January 2025
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Climate change is compelling species to seek refuge at higher elevations and latitudes. While researchers commonly study these migrations using discontinuous elevational transects, this methodology may introduce significant biases into our understanding of species movement. These potential biases could lead to flawed biodiversity conservation policies if left unexamined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
January 2025
College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Quantum dot-polymer composites have the advantages of high luminescent quantum yield (PLQY), narrow emission half-peak full width (FWHM), and tunable emission spectra, and have broad application prospects in display and lighting fields. Research on quantum dots embedded in polymer films and plates has made great progress in both synthesis technology and optical properties. However, due to the shortcomings of quantum dots, such as cadmium selenide (CdSe), indium phosphide (InP), lead halide perovskite (LHP), poor water, oxygen, and light stability, and incapacity for large-scale synthesis, their practical application is still restricted.
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