A four-state clock ferromagnetic model is studied in the presence of different configurations of anisotropies and random fields. The model is considered in the limit of infinite-range interactions, for which the mean-field approach becomes exact. Both representations of Cartesian spin components and two Ising variables are used, in terms of which the physical properties and phase diagrams are discussed. The random fields follow bimodal probability distributions and the richest criticality is found when the fields, applied in the two Ising systems, are not correlated. The phase diagrams present new interesting topologies, with a wide variety of critical points, which are expected to be useful in describing different complex phenomena.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.93.022125 | DOI Listing |
BMJ Open
January 2025
Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Background: Worldwide, lung cancer (LC) is the second most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer related mortality. Low-dose CT (LDCT) screening reduced LC mortality by 20-24% in randomised trials of high-risk populations. A significant proportion of those screened have nodules detected that are found to be benign.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArthroscopy
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of administering intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TXA) on altering visual field clarity (VFC) during arthroscopic hip preservation surgery for patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).
Methods: This randomized, double-blind, parallel-design trial was conducted over a seven-month period between October 2023 and May 2024 at a single tertiary musculoskeletal hospital. Inclusion criteria included consecutive patients that were diagnosed with FAIS through clinical history, physical exam and advanced imaging and indicated for hip arthroscopy after having failed conservative management.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
January 2025
Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY.
Background: Standard radiotherapy (RT) for locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) employs a uniform dose of approximately 60 Gy. Recent trials demonstrated that radiotherapy dose escalation may not improve outcomes and may cause added toxicity. XXX previously performed a single-arm trial testing a personalized, risk-adapted, and de-intensified RT strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Neurol
February 2025
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Background: People with subclinical atrial fibrillation are at increased risk of stroke, albeit to a lesser extent than those with clinical atrial fibrillation, leading to an ongoing debate regarding the benefit of anticoagulation in these individuals. In the ARTESiA trial, the direct-acting oral anticoagulant apixaban reduced stroke or systemic embolism compared with aspirin in people with subclinical atrial fibrillation, but the risk of major bleeding was increased with apixaban. In a prespecified subgroup analysis of ARTESiA, we tested the hypothesis that people with subclinical atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack, who are known to have an increased risk of recurrent stroke, would show a greater benefit from oral anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention compared with those without a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Neurobiol
January 2025
Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 10032, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:
Neurons are equipped with microtubules of different stability with stable and dynamic domains often coexisting on the same microtubule. While dynamic microtubules undergo random transitions between disassembly and assembly, stable ones persist long enough to serve as platforms for tubulin-modifying enzymes (known as writers) that attach molecular components to the α- or β-tubulin subunits. The combination of these posttranslational modifications (PTMs) results in a "tubulin code," dictating the behavior of selected proteins (known as readers), some of which were shown to be crucial for neuronal function.
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