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Epigenetic memory as crucial contributing factor in directing the differentiation of human iPSC into pancreatic β-cells in vitro.
Cell Tissue Res
January 2025
Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation (QF), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar.
Impaired insulin secretion contributes to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus through autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells and the pathogenesis of severe forms of type 2 diabetes mellitus through β-cell dedifferentiation and other mechanisms. Replenishment of malfunctioning β-cells via islet transplantation has the potential to induce long-term glycemic control in the body. However, this treatment option cannot widely be implemented in clinical due to healthy islet donor shortage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvolutionary insights into gut acidification: Invertebrate-like mechanisms in the basal vertebrate hagfish.
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
Acidification is a key component of digestion throughout metazoans. The gut digestive fluid of many invertebrates is acidified by the vesicular-type H+-ATPase (VHA). In contrast, vertebrates generate acidic gut fluids using the gastric H+/K+-ATPase (HKA); an evolutionary innovation linked with the appearance of a true stomach that greatly improves digestion, absorption, and immune function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-Yield Generation of Glucose-Responsive Pseudoislets From Murine Insulinoma Cells for Studies and Longitudinal Monitoring of Graft Survival .
Cell Transplant
January 2025
Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Compared to primary pancreatic islets, insulinoma cell-derived 3D pseudoislets offer a more accessible, consistent, renewable, and widely applicable model system for optimization and mechanistic studies in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we report a simple and efficient method for generating 3D pseudoislets from MIN6 and NIT-1 murine insulinoma cells. These pseudoislets are homogeneous in size and morphology (~150 µm), exhibit functional glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) up to 18 days (NIT-1) enabling long-term studies, are produced in high yield [>35,000 Islet Equivalence from 30 ml culture], and are suitable for both and studies, including for encapsulation studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Reduced insulin secretion is linked to diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but its role in non-diabetic CVD patients is unclear. The homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) measures pancreatic β-cell function. This study investigated the association between HOMA-β and adverse cardiovascular events in non-diabetic CVD patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Underlying Mechanism for the Altered Hypoglycemic Effects of Nateglinide in Rats with Acute Peripheral Inflammation.
Biol Pharm Bull
January 2025
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
The hypoglycemic effects of nateglinide (NTG) were examined in rats with acute peripheral inflammation (API) induced by carrageenan treatment, and the mechanisms accounting for altered hypoglycemic effects were investigated. NTG was administered through the femoral vein in control and API rats, and its plasma concentration profile was characterized. The time courses of the changes in plasma glucose and insulin levels were also examined.
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