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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E15-11-0761 | DOI Listing |
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The roles of mitochondria in global and local intracellular calcium signalling.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
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MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Activation of Ca channels in Ca stores in organelles and the plasma membrane generates cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca]) signals that control almost every aspect of cell function, including metabolism, vesicle fusion and contraction. Mitochondria have a high capacity for Ca uptake and chelation, alongside efficient Ca release mechanisms. Still, mitochondria do not store Ca in a prolonged manner under physiological conditions and lack the capacity to generate global [Ca] signals.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Melanin pigments block genotoxic agents by positioning on the sun-exposed side of human skin keratinocytes' nucleus. How this position is regulated and its role in genome photoprotection remains unknown. By developing a model of human keratinocytes internalizing extracellular melanin into pigment organelles, we show that keratin 5/14 intermediate filaments mechanically control the 3D perinuclear position of pigments, shielding DNA from photodamage.
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Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
The design of functional artificial cells involves compartmentalizing biochemical processes to mimic cellular organization. To emulate the complex chemical systems in biological cells, it is necessary to incorporate an increasing number of cellular functions into single compartments. Artificial organelles that spatially segregate reactions inside artificial cells will be beneficial in this context by rectifying biochemical pathways.
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