Division of Infection & Immunity, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Sciences, University of KwaZulu, Natal, South Africa.
Published: May 2016
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
HIV-1 infected patients who acquire HCV infection have higher rates of chronicity and liver disease progression than patients with HCV mono-infection. Understanding early events in this pathogenic process is important. We applied single genome sequencing of the E1 to NS3 regions and viral pseudotype neutralization assays to explore the consequences of viral quasispecies evolution from pre-seroconversion to chronicity in four co-infected individuals (mean follow up 566 days). We observed that one to three founder viruses were transmitted. Relatively low viral sequence diversity, possibly related to an impaired immune response, due to HIV infection was observed in three patients. However, the fourth patient, after an early purifying selection displayed increasing E2 sequence evolution, possibly related to being on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Viral pseudotypes generated from HCV variants showed relative resistance to neutralization by autologous plasma but not to plasma collected from later time points, confirming ongoing virus escape from antibody neutralization.
HIV-2 infection although less virulent compared to HIV-1 is endemic in many parts of West Africa. In Burkina Faso, few data exist on HIV-2 genotypic resistance. The objective of this study was to assess HIV-2 genotypic resistance and viral load in adult patients infected with HIV-2 in Burkina Faso.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence, pathogen spectrum, clinical characteristics, and prognosis-related factors of other respiratory pathogens in COVID-19-infected patients, and to explore the application of molecular detection methods in the epidemiological investigation of multiple pathogen infections.
Methods: Respiratory samples and clinical data from 384 patients with outpatient and inpatient respiratory infections were collected and analyzed. Multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis were conducted to detect the distribution characteristics of 26 pathogen species, comprising 13 viruses, 13 bacteria.
Background: Systemic inflammatory indicators such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can effectively predict the prognosis of various inflammatory diseases. However, its prognostic effect on patients with carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) infection is little known. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors for mortality associated with CRKP infection and the clinical value of NLR in predicting prognosis in these patients.
Plant hosts can gain significant growth benefits from symbiosis with microbes, but these benefits could be threatened by divergent fitness interests among partners. Here, we measured fitness outcomes in symbiosis, by varying the genotypes of both microbes and hosts, to examine scenarios that might favor uncooperative symbionts. We studied associations between Acmispon strigosus, an annual legume native to California, and its nitrogen fixing symbionts in the genus Bradyrhizobium.
Little is known about the clinical significance of hepatic flare following effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HBsAg seroclearance and prognosis in HBV/HIV co-infection. This observational cohort study recruited HBV/HIV-1 co-infected patients from the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program. We obtained longitudinal information on demographic characteristics, clinical indicators, and treatment outcomes.
