AI Article Synopsis
- The motile cilium is a sophisticated cellular structure that beats rapidly due to a cycle of bends in its axoneme, which consists of 9+2 microtubules.
- Dyneins, the molecular motors located in inner and outer dynein arms, regulate ciliary movement by causing microtubule sliding and bending.
- Recent advancements in research, including studies on Chlamydomonas mutants and high-resolution imaging techniques, have revealed new complexities in the molecular mechanics of motility, promising further insights into how ciliary movement is controlled.
Article Abstract
The motile cilium is a mechanical wonder, a cellular nanomachine that produces a high-speed beat based on a cycle of bends that move along an axoneme made of 9+2 microtubules. The molecular motors, dyneins, power the ciliary beat. The dyneins are compacted into inner and outer dynein arms, whose activity is highly regulated to produce microtubule sliding and axonemal bending. The switch point hypothesis was developed long ago to account for how sliding in the presence of axonemal radial spoke-central pair interactions causes the ciliary beat. Since then, a new genetic, biochemical, and structural complexity has been discovered, in part, with Chlamydomonas mutants, with high-speed, high-resolution analysis of movement and with cryoelectron tomography. We stand poised on the brink of new discoveries relating to the molecular control of motility that extend and refine our understanding of the basic events underlying the switching of arm activity and of bend formation and propagation.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776691 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biu180 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Variations in Ciliary Beat Frequency Based on Chronic Rhinosinusitis Endotype and Phenotype.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
January 2025
Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California - Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is traditionally classified into CRS with or without nasal polyps and more recently into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic endotypes. Limited research exists on the relationship between CRS subtype and mucociliary function. This study compares ciliary beat frequency (CBF) across CRS subtypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ignored structure in female fertility: cilia in the fallopian tubes.
Reprod Biomed Online
July 2024
Department of Gynaecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:
Cilia in the fallopian tubes (CFT) play an important role in female infertility, but have not been explored comprehensively. This review reveals the detection techniques for CFT function and morphology, and the related analysis of female infertility and other gynaecological disorders. CFT differentiate from progenitor cells, and develop into primary cilia and motile cilia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRevolutionizing Epithelial Differentiability Analysis in Small Airway-on-a-Chip Models Using Label-Free Imaging and Computational Techniques.
Biosensors (Basel)
November 2024
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices mimic human organs, which can be used for many different applications, including drug development, environmental toxicology, disease models, and physiological assessment. Image data acquisition and analysis from these chips are crucial for advancing research in the field. In this study, we propose a label-free morphology imaging platform compatible with the small airway-on-a-chip system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCynaropicrin Increases [Ca] and Ciliary Beat Frequency in Human Airway Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting SERCA.
Biol Pharm Bull
December 2024
Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University.
Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a host defense mechanism of the respiratory system. Beating cilia plays a crucial role in the MCC process and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is activated by several factors including elevations of the intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]), intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca]), and intracellular pH (pH). In this study, we investigated whether an artichoke-extracted component cynaropicrin could be a beneficial compound for improving MCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHIV-1 Tat Protein and Cigarette Smoke Mediated ADAM17 Upregulation Can Lead to Impaired Mucociliary Clearance.
Cells
December 2024
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) associated comorbidities account for the majority of poor health outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH) in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Lung-related comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bacterial pneumonia are primarily responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in PLWH, even when compensated for smoking. Smokers and COPD patients demonstrate cilia shortening, attenuated ciliary beat frequency (CBF), dysfunctional ciliated cells along with goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus hypersecretion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!