AI Article Synopsis
- PCV2, a virus affecting pigs, was prevalent in the U.S. before the emergence of PCVAD in 2006, with initial genotypes identified as PCV2a and PCV2b, later including PCV2c and PCV2d.
- Researchers analyzed over 1100 nucleotide sequences from diagnostic labs to assess genetic diversity and discovered a new genotype with significant variations, particularly in the ORF2 protein, which has a unique 238 amino acid structure compared to the usual 233 or 234 amino acids.
- Phylogenetic analysis suggests this novel genotype is more ancient than the other known PCV2 genotypes, highlighting the importance of utilizing diagnostic sequence databases for studying animal pathogen diversity.
Article Abstract
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was prevalent in swine in the United States before PCV2-associated disease (PCVAD) appeared in 2006. Limited nucleotide sequencing of open reading frame 2 (ORF2) encoding capsid, the only structural protein, revealed the presence of two genotypes, PCV2a and PCV2b. Later, PCV2c and mutant PCV2b, or PCV2d, were also described. However, extensive PCV2 ORF2 sequence databases in veterinary diagnostic laboratories have not been analyzed systematically to determine the genetic diversity of field isolates. Here, we interrogated >1100 PCV2 ORF2 nucleotide sequences to assess population diversity and genetic variation. We detected a novel PCV2 genotype that is substantially different, primarily in ORF2, from all known PCV2. Notably, ORF2 contains a unique carboxyl terminal amino acid insertion resulting in a 238 amino acid ORF2. All other PCV2 ORF2 proteins are 233 or 234 aa in length. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is more ancient than other PCV2 genotypes. The findings demonstrate the value of analyzing routine diagnostic laboratory sequence databases in population genetic analyses of animal pathogens.
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