Aromatization of 4-cyano-3-oxotetrahydrothiophene by sulfuryl chloride gives the new building block 4-cyano-3-pyrrolidylthiophene, which forms unsymmetrical regioregular oligothiophenes with a strict alternation of the donor and acceptor groups along the conjugated system. The self-coupling reactions that form the oligomers are shown to proceed by a regioselective electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism involving a stabilized Wheland intermediate.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers created new donor-acceptor π-conjugated copolymers using a specific process that involved the direct arylation polycondensation of two types of compounds.
  • The addition of unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo units in these copolymers adjusted their electronic properties to be suitable for use with common materials in organic solar cells.
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Three unsymmetrical diiodobichalcogenophenes , , and and a diiodoterchalcogenophene were prepared. Grignard metathesis of , , , and occurred regioselectively at the lighter chalcogenophene site because of its relatively lower electron density and less steric bulk. Nickel-catalyzed Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation of these Mg species provided a new class of side-chain regioregular and main-chain AB-type alternating poly(bichalcogenophene)s-, , and -through a chain-growth mechanism.

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Regioregularity and Electron Deficiency Control of Unsymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaics.

ACS Omega

September 2019

Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Manipulating the electron deficiency and controlling the regioregularity of π-conjugated polymers are important for the fine-tuning of their electronic and electrochemical properties to make them suitable for an organic solar cell. Here, we report such a molecular design of unsymmetric diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based copolymers with different aromatic side units of either thiophene (Th), pyridine (Py), or fluorobenzene (FBz). The unsymmetric electron acceptors of Th-DPP-Py and Th-DPP-FBz were polymerized with the electron donor of two-dimensional benzobisthiophene (BDT-Th), affording two regiorandom DPP copolymers.

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Aromatization of 4-cyano-3-oxotetrahydrothiophene by sulfuryl chloride gives the new building block 4-cyano-3-pyrrolidylthiophene, which forms unsymmetrical regioregular oligothiophenes with a strict alternation of the donor and acceptor groups along the conjugated system. The self-coupling reactions that form the oligomers are shown to proceed by a regioselective electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism involving a stabilized Wheland intermediate.

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Visible to near-infrared light harvesting in TiO2 nanotube array-P3HT based heterojunction solar cells.

Nano Lett

December 2009

Department of Electrical Engineering, The Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Solar Nanomaterials, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

The development of high-efficiency solid-state excitonic photovoltaic solar cells compatible with solution processing techniques is a research area of intense interest, with the poor optical harvesting in the red and near-IR (NIR) portion of the solar spectrum a significant limitation to device performance. Herein we present a solid-state solar cell design, consisting of TiO(2) nanotube arrays vertically oriented from the FTO-coated glass substrate, sensitized with unsymmetrical squaraine dye (SQ-1) that absorbs in the red and NIR portion of solar spectrum, and which are uniformly infiltrated with p-type regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) that absorbs higher energy photons. Our solid-state solar cells exhibit broad, near-UV to NIR, spectral response with external quantum yields of up to 65%.

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