Background: Up to >80% of sexually active adults will become infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) during their lifetime. Persistent HPV infection can result in cervical, vulvovaginal, penile and anogenital cancer. Clinical studies have shown the efficacy of three doses of quadrivalent HPV-6/11/16/18 L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccination, at Day 0, Month 2 and Month 6, to lower the occurrence of HPV infection and its complications. However, immunogenicity and safety of the HPV vaccine have not been proven in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population.
Methods: Sixty CKD stage IV, V and VD patients were enrolled for quadrivalent HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccination. A dose of vaccine was given at Day 0, Month 2 and Month 6. Each dose contained 20 μg HPV-6 L1 VLP, 40 μg HPV-11 L1 VLP, 40 μg HPV-16 L1 VLP and 20 μg HPV-18 L1 VLP, along with 225 μg of amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate adjuvant. HPV type-specific antibody response to neutralizing epitopes on HPV-6/11/16/18 was performed by multiplexed, competitive Luminex® immunoassays (cLIA) at Day 0 and Month 7.
Results: At Day 0, anti-HPV seropositivity was 0-6.6% depending on HPV genotype. Patients who received three doses of vaccine had 98.2, 100, 100 and 98.2% seropositivity for genotypes 6/11/16/18, respectively. The average cLIA at Month 7 for genotypes 6/11/16/18 were 928.4 ± 231.1, 1136.1 ± 264.6, 6951.0 ± 1872.3 and 2196.3 ± 761.2 milliMerck units (mMu)/mL, respectively. No serious vaccine-related adverse events were observed.
Conclusions: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine has been well tolerated, is safe and provides excellent immunogenicity in late-stage CKD.
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