Primates
Division of Psychology, School of Humaninities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637332, Singapore.
Published: April 2016
Complex food-processing techniques by gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans have allowed comparisons of complex hierarchical cognition between great apes and humans. Here, we analyse preliminary observations of free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) (n = 3) in Thailand processing Opuntia sp. cactus fruits. From our observations, we suggest that there is potential to extend the analyses of hierarchical cognition to Old World monkeys. We found that the macaques used six behavioural sequences to obtain Opuntia fruits, remove irritant hairs from the skin of the fruits, and break open, and consume the fruits, each a unique combination of 17 action elements. Removing irritant hairs involved abrading fruits on a sand or rock substrate, and washing fruit in water. The behavioural sequences that macaques use to process Opuntia potentially show features of hierarchical organisation described in the leaf-processing behaviours of great apes. Our observations highlight the need for closer study of complex food-processing behaviour in monkeys to better understand the organisational capacities involved.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-016-0525-3 | DOI Listing |
Sci Adv
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Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address:
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Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Departments of Psychology, Global Health, Anthropology and Center for Global Field Study, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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