Determining true difference between treatment groups.

J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect

Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine - Mather Hospital, Port Jefferson, NY, USA;

Published: February 2016

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Pupil size is a well-established marker of cognitive effort, with greater efforts leading to larger pupils. This is particularly true for pupil size during task performance, whereas findings on anticipatory effort triggered by a cue stimulus are less consistent. For example, a recent report by Frömer et al.

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