Long-term evaluation of a liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-based retinal prosthesis.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term reliability of a recently presented liquid crystal polymer (LCP) -based retinal prosthesis in vitro as well as in vivo. Because an all-polymer implant introduces another intrinsic leak type due to gas permeation, for which the traditional helium leak test for metallic packages was not designed to quantify, a new method to investigate its durability is required.

Approach: We designed and carried out a series of reliability tests specifically for all-polymer implants by quantitatively investigating moisture ingress through various pathways of the polymer surface, and the polymer-polymer and polymer-metal adhesions. Moisture permeation through the bulk material was estimated by analytic calculation, while water ingress through the adhesively sealed LCP-LCP and LCP-metal interfaces was investigated using the separate parts of an electrode array and a package in an accelerated aging condition. In vivo tests were done in rabbits to examine the long-term biocompatibility and implantation stability by fundus observation and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.

Main Results: The analytic calculation estimated good barrier properties of the LCP. Samples of the LCP-based electrode array failed after 114 days in 87 °C saline as a result of water penetration through the LCP-metal interface. An eye-conformable LCP package survived for 87 days in an accelerated condition at 87 °C. The in vivo results confirmed that no adverse effects were observed around the retina 2.5 years after the implantation of the device.

Significance: These long-term evaluation results show the potential for the chronic use of LCP-based biomedical implants to provide an alternative to traditional metallic packages.