Alpha synuclein (SNCA) genes and environmental factors are important risk factors of Parkinson's disease (PD). The agrichemicals paraquat, maneb and chlorpyrifos selectively target dopaminergic neurons, leading to parkinsonism, through ill-defined mechanisms. We analyzed the ability of low dose paraquat, maneb and chlorpyrifos, separately or combined together, to induce synucleinopathy in wild type mice. Paraquat and maneb applied together did not increase α-Synuclein (α-Syn) levels. By contrast, paraquat and chlorpyrifos together resulted in robust accumulation of α-Syn in striata in mice. Therefore, co-treatment with chlorpyrifos enhanced the effects of paraquat. Paraquat, and its co-treatment with maneb or chlorpyrifos, inhibited all soluble proteasomal expression of 26S proteasome subunits. Both paraquat and chlorpyrifos treatments increased levels of the autophagy inhibitor, mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, suggesting impaired axonal autophagy, despite increases in certain autophagic proteins, such as beclin 1 and Atg 12. Autophagic flux was also impaired, as ratios of LC3 II to LC3 I were reduced in all the treated animals. These results suggest that a combination of paraquat and chlorpyrifos is much more toxic than paraquat alone or combined with maneb. These effects are likely via inhibitory effects of these toxins on proteasomes and autophagy, which lead to accumulation of α-Syn. Our study provides a novel insight into the mechanisms of action of these agrichemicals.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4723812PMC

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

paraquat maneb
12
maneb chlorpyrifos
12
paraquat chlorpyrifos
12
paraquat
9
accumulation α-syn
8
chlorpyrifos
7
maneb
5
low doses
4
doses single
4
single combined
4

Similar Publications

Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that combined exposure to the pesticides paraquat (PQ) and maneb (MB) increases the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanisms mediating the toxicity induced by combined exposure to these pesticides are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism(s) of neurotoxicity induced by exposure to the pesticides PQ and MB isolated or in association (PQ + MB) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The neuroprotective effects of ferulic acid in toxin-induced models of Parkinson's disease: A review.

Ageing Res Rev

June 2024

Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address:

Parkinson's disease is predominantly caused by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein. Though the general consensus is that several factors, such as aging, environmental factors, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulations of neurotoxic alpha-synuclein, malfunctions of the lysosomal and proteasomal protein degradation systems, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, are involved in the neurodegeneration process of Parkinson's disease, the precise mechanism by which all of these factors are triggered remains unknown. Typically, neurotoxic compounds such as rotenone, 6-hydroxydopamine, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 1-methyl 4-phenyl pyridinium (mpp), paraquat, and maneb are used to Preclinical models of Parkinson's disease Ferulic acid is often referred to by its scientific name, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (C10H10O4), and is found naturally in cereals, fruits, vegetables, and bee products.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder, has reached pandemic status worldwide. This neurologic disorder is caused primarily by the specific deterioration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Unfortunately, there are no therapeutic agents that slow or delay the disease progression.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Integrin Mac1 mediates paraquat and maneb-induced learning and memory impairments in mice through NADPH oxidase-NLRP3 inflammasome axis-dependent microglial activation.

J Neuroinflammation

February 2023

National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.

Introduction: The mechanisms of cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unknown. Accumulating evidence revealed that brain neuroinflammatory response mediated by microglial cells contributes to cognitive deficits in neuropathological conditions and macrophage antigen complex-1 (Mac1) is a key factor in controlling microglial activation.

Objectives: To explore whether Mac1-mediated microglial activation participates in cognitive dysfunction in PD using paraquat and maneb-generated mouse PD model.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cyclooxygenase-2 activates the free radical-mediated apoptosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the maneb- and paraquat-intoxicated rats.

Pestic Biochem Physiol

October 2022

Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address:

Overproduction of free radicals and inflammation could lead to maneb (MB)- and paraquat (PQ)-induced toxicity in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible COX, is imperative in the pesticides-induced pathological alterations. However, its role in MB- and PQ-induced toxicity in the PMNs is not yet clearly deciphered.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!