Imagine that! Cue-evoked representations guide rat behavior during ambiguous situations.

Mental imagery involves the perceptual-like experience of an event that is not physically present, or detected by the senses. Fast and Blaisdell (2011) reported that rats use the representation of an associatively retrieved event to guide behavior in ambiguous situations. Rats were reinforced for lever-pressing during 1 of 2 lights but not both lights. They were then tested with 1 light illuminated while the second light was either covered by an opaque shield (ambiguous) or uncovered and unlit (explicitly absent). Rats lever-pressed less when the second light was covered compared with unlit, suggesting that a representation of the ambiguously absent light guided their behavior. However, Dwyer and Burgess (2011) offered an alternative mechanism in which the explicit absence of a cue gains associative value during training. Covering the light at test could effectively remove these associative properties, resulting in a generalization decrement of behavior. The current experiments were designed to test contrasting predictions made by these 2 accounts. Experiment 1 empirically established that generalization decrement can occur when an element of a compound cue is presented alone at test, but this decrement is attenuated, rather than enhanced, when the absent element is covered. Experiment 2 utilized a conditioned inhibition procedure to demonstrate that rat behavior during cue ambiguity is driven by an associatively retrieved representation rather than by generalization decrement. Collectively, the results argue against a purely nonrepresentational associative account of behavior and support a role for associatively retrieved representations in rats.