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Prior influenza virus infection alleviates an arbovirus encephalitis by reducing viral titer, inflammation, and cellular infiltrates in the central nervous system.
J Virol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Unlabelled: Respiratory and encephalitic virus infections represent a significant risk to public health globally. Detailed investigations of immunological responses and disease outcomes during sequential virus infections are rare. Here, we define the impact of influenza virus infection on a subsequent virus encephalitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSingle-cell and spatiotemporal transcriptomic profiling of brain immune infiltration following Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States.
Neurotropic alphaviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) are critical human pathogens that continually expand to naïve populations and for which there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics. VEEV is highly infectious via the aerosol route and is a recognized weaponizable biothreat that causes neurological disease in humans. The neuropathology of VEEV has been attributed to an inflammatory immune response in the brain yet the underlying mechanisms and specific immune cell populations involved are not fully elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVLDLR mediates Semliki Forest virus neuroinvasion through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is a neuropathogenic alphavirus which is of interest both as a model neurotropic alphavirus and as an oncolytic virus with proven potency in preclinical cancer models. In laboratory mice, peripherally administered SFV infiltrates the central nervous system (CNS) and causes encephalitis of varying severity. The route of SFV CNS entrance is poorly understood but has been considered to occur through the blood-brain barrier.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic lymphoproliferative disorder of natural killer cells-related neurolymphomatosis with severe autonomic dysfunction: a case report.
BMC Neurol
September 2024
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of natural killer cells (CLPD-NK) is a rare disease with high NK cell counts that is often asymptomatic, but can lead to symptoms like fatigue, fever, and autoimmune diseases.
- A 61-year-old male patient diagnosed with CLPD-NK experienced numbness and elevated protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid, indicating potential immunological issues, which were treated with steroids and immunoglobulin therapy.
- Despite treatment alleviating some symptoms, the patient developed significant autonomic dysfunction, leading to issues like diarrhea and orthostatic hypotension, while tests for specific antibodies were negative, and a nerve biopsy suggested lymphocytic infiltration.
West Nile virus triggers intestinal dysmotility via T cell-mediated enteric nervous system injury.
J Clin Invest
August 2024
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
Intestinal dysmotility syndromes have been epidemiologically associated with several antecedent bacterial and viral infections. To model this phenotype, we previously infected mice with the neurotropic flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) and demonstrated intestinal transit defects. Here, we found that within 1 week of WNV infection, enteric neurons and glia became damaged, resulting in sustained reductions of neuronal cells and their networks of connecting fibers.
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