AI Article Synopsis
- The Red River is vital for North Vietnam, supplying water to a large portion of its population, making the study of bacteria levels essential for public health.
- An annual survey conducted from July 2013 to June 2014 measured levels of Escherichia coli (EC) and Total Coliforms (TC), revealing high concentrations during the wet season.
- The die-off rates of these bacteria varied, showing that bacteria attached to particles had better survival rates compared to free bacteria, indicating a need for advanced water treatment strategies.
Article Abstract
The Red River is the second largest river in Viet Nam and constitutes the main water source for a large percentage of the population of North Viet Nam. Here we present the results of an annual survey of Escherichia coli (EC) and Total Coliforms (TC) in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam. The objective of this work was to obtain information on faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) numbers over an annual cycle and, secondly, to determine the die-off rates of these bacterial indicators. Monthly observations at 10 stations from July 2013-June 2014 showed that TC and EC reached as high as 39100 cfu (colony forming units) 100 ml(-1) and 15300 colonies 100 ml(-1), respectively. We observed a significant seasonal difference for TC (p < 0.05) with numbers being higher during the wet season. In contrast, no significant seasonal difference was found for EC. The FIB die-off rates ranged from 0.01 d(-1) to a maximum of 1.13 d(-1) for EC and from 0.17 d(-1) to 1.33 d(-1) for TC. Die-off rates were significantly higher for free bacteria than for total (free + particle attached) bacteria, suggesting that particle attachment provided a certain level of protection to FIB in this system.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4751496 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep21644 | DOI Listing |
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