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Actinic prurigo is a skin condition mainly seen in indigenous and mestizo Latin American populations, characterized by itchy skin and mucosal lesions that worsen with sun exposure and typically begins in childhood.
The exact cause is not well understood, but it involves an unusual immune response with high levels of certain immune cells, hinting at a hypersensitivity reaction.
Diagnosis is based on clinical observation and specific histopathology findings, while thalidomide is currently the most effective treatment available despite potential side effects.
Article Abstract
Actinic prurigo is an idiopathic photodermatosis that affects the skin, as well as the labial and conjunctival mucosa in indigenous and mestizo populations of Latin America. It starts predominantly in childhood, has a chronic course, and is exacerbated with solar exposure. Little is known of its pathophysiology, including the known mechanisms of the participation of HLA-DR4 and an abnormal immunologic response with increase of T CD4+ lymphocytes. The presence of IgE, eosinophils, and mast cells suggests that it is a hypersensitivity reaction (likely type IVa or b). The diagnosis is clinical, and the presence of lymphoid follicles in the mucosal histopathologic study of mucosa is pathognomonic. The best available treatment to date is thalidomide, despite its secondary effects.
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