A new dihydrobenzofuran lignan, (2R,3S)-2-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-methyl acetate, named as mitredrusin (1), was isolated from the leaves of Mitrephora teysmannii (Annonaceae) together with 12 known compounds including a related dihydrobenzofuran lignan: (-)-3',4-di-O-methylcedrusin (2), four polyacetylenic acids: 13(E)-octadecene-9,11-diynoic acid (3), 13(E),17-octadecadiene-9,11-diynoic acid (4), octadeca-9,11,13-triynoic acid (5) and octadeca-17-en-9,11,13-triynoic acid (6), five lignans: (-)-eudesmin (7), (-)-epieudesmin (8), (-)-phillygenin (9), magnone A (10) and forsythialan B (11) and two megastigmans: (3S,5R,6S,7E,9R)-7-megastigmene-3,6,9-triol (12) and annoionol A (13). The chemical structures of these compounds were established on the basis of their 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Among these isolates, polyacetylenic acids 3 and 4 showed more than 20-fold much higher activity compared with that of the antidiabetic drug acarbose.
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